Der findes mange forskellige former for flyvning indenfor paragliding. Vindens opdrift udnyttes på skrænter og i Bjerge. Tow er optræk med et spil som trækker os op hvor de termiske bobler og opvinde kan udnyttes til at nå helt op til skyerne. Med en motor og propel spændt på ryggen er det muligt at starte fra landjorden. Først og fremmest er paragliding den billigste og sikreste måde at flyve på
There are many forms of flying with a paraglider. On hills and in mountains we use the the lift from upgoing winds. Tow with a car or scooter pulls us to heights where there the thermals can be used to reach the clouds.With an engine and prop on the back you can footlaunch and land allmost anywhere.By far the safest and cheapest way to fly
Næsten alle kan lære at flyve. Man skal være fyldt 15 år, før man kan påbegynde skoling, og man kan få udstedt certifikater fra det fyldte 16. år. Man skal være i nogenlunde form både fysisk og mentalt. I starten er det meget anstrengende at lære at flyve, men når først teknikken under groundhandling forbedres, bliver det meget let. I modsætning til anden flyvning stilles der ikke krav om lægeundersøgelse
Allmost anybody can learn to fly a paraglider. You can start learning at 15 but must be 16 to get licence. A good physic and health is needed at start before the tecnique gets better.
Tow "optræk" foregår på de mange flyvepladser-optrækspladser rundt i hele Danmark.Ved hjælp af et spil, som kan være scooter, bil, El eller Hydraulic, trækkes piloten op i 350-700m højde. Derefter gælder det om at finde termiske opadgående vinde så man kan blive svævende som de store fugle.
Tow is done at the many towsites placed everywhere in Denmark. With a machine, like a scooter, El, car og hydraulic, the pilot is liftet to altitudes from about 350m to 700m. To stay up there like the big birds, thermal upwinds most be found.
Vores efterhånden færdige scooter-optræksmaskine, startede egentlig som en skør ide en eftermiddag med for lidt vind og for meget tid..som så mange gange før tog vi på stadion og groundhandlede...og ja så sgu vi da prøve et direkte træk med scooter..det virkede jo fint..igang på tegnebrættet...men det fede ved denne maskine er at den er nem at bygge og en billig optræksløsning....vi har selvfølgelig overdrevet lidt med gejl.osv.. og nogle smedetimer..Det dyreste er linen som vi købte brugt for 1000kr..en gammel trailer blev lynhurtigt sponsoreret af en paraglider der var vild med ideen..og så en gammel scooter 45...Alt er bygget efter forskrifterne i DHPUs håndbog for optræksmaskiner...
The scooter-machine, really started ouy....startede egentlig som en skør ide en eftermiddag med for lidt vind og for meget tid..som såmange gange før tog vi på stadion og groundhandlede...og ja så sgu vi da prøve et direkte træk med scooter..det virkede jo fint..igang på optræksløsning....vi har selvfølgelig overdrevet lidt med gejl.osv.. og nogle smedetimer..Det dyreste er linen som vi købte brugt for 1000kr..en gammel trailer blev lynhurtigt sponsoreret af en paraglider der var vild med ideen..og så en gammel scooter 45...Alt er bygget efter forskrifterne i DHPU´s håndbog for winches....
Sommeren 2005 blev den første prototypeudsat for utallige test på Nr.felding startplads og Lindtorp flyveplads...med scooter..får man det nemmeste og blødeste optræk for pilot og alle med lidt instruktion kan agere spilfører...simpelt og behageligt...man skal faktisk ikke rigtig gøre noget.. Den første var lavet af en EU 45 Scooter....
In the summer of 2005 the first prototype was udsat for utallige test på Nr.felding startplads og Lindtorp flyveplads som vi er ved at få en aftale i hus med... de var alle vilde med vores ide...og ind til videre...med scooteren..før man det nemmeste og blødeste optræk for pilot og alle med lidt instruktion kan agere spilfører...simpelt og behageligt...you dont have to do much...
videoOptræk med Hydrauliske Spil er uden tvivl den nemmeste og sikreste metode, men også den dyreste. De er ikke så svære at konstruere.
Download Hydraulic Winch Circuit Description og Operations Manual(PDF)
Ved Hydraulik bestemmer man line belastning og systemet holder det samme træk under optræk og går automatisk imellem payin og payout hvis nødvendigt.
Hydraulic Payout Winch - Far and away the favorite winch.
For pilots, it provides one of the smoothest tows to altitude available.
Far to many people consider hydraulics to complicated, which is a
shame, because a properly designed hydraulic winch provides one of the
smoothest, safest, most trouble free towing systems available anywhere. Download the
Hydraulic Winch Circuit Description and Operations Manual by clicking this link.(PDF)
The winch automatically switches into the payout mode. It gains the benefits
of tension controlled towing which makes them safer to operate.
Over vand kan en ældre 16 fod båd med 90 HP bruges.Høj Lineføring er at foretrække.
Here's all it takes to get into towing over the water. An older 16 foot boat with a 90 HP outboard motor that is capable of speeds around 34 M.P.H. You can find them all over for under $3000. Note the tracking head sticking up above the boat. There is a swivel mounted on the top that allows the line to freely swing 360 degrees around the head. It is high enough to make it unlikely to get tangled with the operator or passenger, and the free swiveling action prevents entanglements and makes circle towing in small lakes a breeze.
Here you can see a couple different views of our standard winch mounted in the boat. The 2" tubing framework is 22" wide by 50" long, and the corner that supports the tracking head extends up 34". The drum mounts on a hydraulic motor in the upper left corner of the frame and extends 3 1/2" out from the side of the frame and 8" off one end. The standard version shown is a complete system that easily mounts in the back of a pickup, on a boat, or other vehicle. It is held in place by 4 bolts, one on each corner. Provisions have been made in the design to allow for easy mounting by including slotted mounting locations as well as individual bolt holes on all corners. Note the picking eyes welded to the frame. The winch isn't particularly heavy, but at around 300 pounds it's a lot easier to use a hoist to lift it that your back.
Operation is simplicity itself, which is what makes this winch design so reliable.
A 12 1/2 gallon tank contains hydraulic fluid. This fluid flows to a hydraulic motor
with a drum directly attached to the output shaft. 5500' of 1100 # test Spectra
line is wound on the drum, and the line routes through a pulley, up to the
tracking head swivel, and then out to the pilot, who is attached to the line
through a drogue parachute (held collapsed under line tension) a weak link,
and a release system. When the pilot is ready to launch, the tow vehicle or
vessel accelerates away from the pilot at a speed around 25 M.P.H. and the
hydraulic fluid flows freely from the tank, through the motor and back to
the tank through an oil cooler. There is no tension on the towline at this
point. Once the pilot has their glider cleanly overhead, the tow technician
rotates a knob on the winch control panel which causes a restriction in the
fluid flow from the motor back to the tank. This in turn causes the hydraulic
system pressure to rise, increasing the resistive torque on the motor and hence
builds tension in the towline. As the tension rises, the pilot is gradually and
smoothly pulled into the air. Once the pilot is safely airborne, the tow
technician adjusts the hydraulic system pressure to a predetermined value,
which will cause a constant tension on the towline. As the tow continues
the pilot pulls line off the winch, while the vehicle moves forward, and
consequently climbs smoothly away from the earth. Flying through a thermal
or wind gradient has no effect on the tow tension because it is automatically
controlled. Rather than getting big surges with every bump, or gust, the
line simply spools off faster or slower, which affects the climb rate slightly,
but allows nice smooth tows to altitude. Once the pilot has reached the
altitude desired, the rewind motor is started up, the pilot releases,
and the motor turns a hydraulic pump which rotates the drum in the opposite
direction, causing the line to rewind. The parachute on the end of the
line that was hooked to the pilot is no longer under tension, so it
inflates causing tension on the towline to make a nice tidy rewind and
preventing the line from landing in a less than opportune location. Simplicity itself, isn't it.
This system doesn't use a level wind because it is simply not needed. The winch drum is
only 1.9" wide and has a diameter of 28". It can hold up to 6500 feet of line,
and because it is so skinny, and the line is rewound under tension, it stacks very neatly
and tightly on the drum. Once the pilot is safely off the ground the system tension is
set, and essentially will remain unchanged during the flight. O/K, the technically minded
will note that the torque on the system has to change as the line spools off the drum,
and the effective line diameter is reduced. In theory it would require the operator to
reduce system pressure as the torque increases with a decreasing line diameter. After
extensive testing and simulations, we determined the final drum size for a very specific
reason. It is the same reason we use a very high quality towline, manufactured
specifically to our specifications. As the line length increases, the drag imposed on
the line by moving through the air also increases. By sizing the components to compensate
for this effect, we were able to perfectly balance the flight loads, drag, and
torque loads so that once set, the system pressure never needs to be changed.
Simplicity of operation and reliability.
Here's a couple photos of some customers who have made pretty slick installations in their
boats. The blue Capri is owned my Midnight Sun Paragliding and operates out of Alaska. The
other boat is operated by ProTow and the picture just happens to show our favorite winch
operator, Ann O'Conner. This lady is one heck of a fine pilot, and when you get on the other
end of the towline, it would be hard to find a more experienced Tow Tech. She gives some of
the best, smoothest rides aloft with absolute precision.
Sprængstykker - Sikkert den vigtigste del af sikkerhedsudstyret til optræk.
Sprængstykket fungerer som en sikring, der reagerer på overbelastning i optræks-systemet.
Der er mange faktorer der kan producere extreme og "ikke planlagte" belastninger på piloten.
Nogle af overbelastingerne kan være:
-En ukoncentreret spil-fører
-Liner der sætter sig fast i feks træer eller dyr
-Liner der sætter fast i spillet
-Køretøjer eller både der kører over optræks-linen og evt trækker den med sig.
-Kraftig termik
-Fejl input af Pilot
Sprængstykker er som hoved regel 75% - max.100% af din flyve-vægt(pilot/skærm/harness...etc). Feks Gear og glider på 100kg - weak link skal så være på 75kg til 100kg. Weak links er u-undværlige for at forebygge 'overload' af din paraglider,og ubrugelige hvis du ikke kender deres brudstyrke eller opførsel under forskellige forhold.Det er derfor en god ide igennem test at kende sine sprængstykker og deres brudstyrke, især hvis de er bundne.
Sprængstykker forebyger dermed overbelastning af din paraglidier. Belastningerne er store i korte øjeblikke ved tow-optræk, men selv simple manøvre som 60 graders sving belaster paraglideren med over 100%.
Syede sprængstykker af "Dacron" eller "Polyester" har næsten altid den samme brudstyrke, hvorimod de bundne kan variere op til 10% afhængig af kvalitet, længde og knudetype
Weak Links - Probably the most important item in any tow system. A weak link acts like a fuse, in that it responds instantaneously to an overload condition in the tow system.
There are many things that can produce extreme and unplanned loads on the tow pilot.Some of the overloads we have seen:
- an overzealous tow operator
- line dig or jamming of the towline
- vehicles and boats running over the towline and dragging it away
- pilot entering a very strong thermal on tow.
Typically a weak link that breaks at 75% of your inflight load is desired. (ie. If you, your gear, and glider weigh 300 pounds; you should use a weak link with a 225 pound breaking strength).Weak links are essential to prevent overloading your glider, as they limit the maximum force that can be exerted on it to 75% over your normal inflight load. Our experience has shown that towing causes little noticeable wear, and frankly our gliders are exposed to 100% over their normal inflight load when we do a simple 60 degree banked turn. A weak link is useless if you don't know what strength it breaks at in a predictable manner. We use only Dacron or Polyester weaklink line. We are big fans of sewn weak links, since they break in a very predictable manner at the rated strength of the line use to make the link. These are the ultimate in ease of use since they don't require any fiddling to tie, and you know exactly what load they will break at.
Weak links are one of the most important safety features that can be applied to tow launched flight. There are arguments for and against their use, but the most compelling arguments are for their obvious safety benefit.
A weaklink acts primarily as a safety fuse to prevent overloads from being applied to the towed pilot. Under ideal circumstances, the tow operator could foresee every possible development that could occur and react instantaneously to prevent any type of overload from occurring. The real world doesn't work that way. Lines jam, skip off pulleys, get run over by other vehicles or animals, tension control systems fail, operators and pilots alike make mistakes, and meteorological conditions conspire to occasionally overload the system. A properly designed weaklink will blow out before any excessive forces can be transmitted to the pilot or their glider. Tying a weaklink has always been the way most people get by. But when you take some 200 pound test line and tie a knot, at what force does the link break? Different knots, how the knot is tied, and even the length of the line used to tie the knot greatly affect how the link will break.
De mest almindelige Sprængstykker er på 65kg 75kg 100kg 125kg 150kg 200kg
Most common weak link line is 135, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 400 pound breaking strengths
Leader Liner er typisk korte stykker af spectra på 5-8m og brudstyrke på 50-70% af hovedline med syedede øjer i begge ender. Linen fastgøres på udløserskærm og det er yderst vigtigt at sprængstykket og leaderlinen kobles sammen med en karabin, da loop mellem liner dobler kraften og kan skære dem over
Leader linen har to hovedfunktioner:
-Afstand mellem pilot og udløserskærm så den ikke åbner i hovedet på pilot
-Som ekstra sprængstykke
Leader Linesare typicallyshort lengths of spectra with sewn eyes on both ends. Typically they are connected between the apex of the drogue chute and the weaklink clip in link. Leader lines serve 2 functions. Primarily they are used to add space between the drogue chute and the pilot. In the event that tow tension is reduced in flight, the drogue chute will inflate. The use of a leader line ensures this happens well in front to the pilot, rather than in the pilots face. We typically use a leader line of lower breaking strength than the towline and use it as a "backup" weaklink for those applications where a pilot elects not to use any type of safety link. Sewn leader lines are 15-25 foot lengths
En finger trap lavet med en Fid er den mest almindelige og bedste metode til at forbinde to sectioner af liner, eller til at lave et øje i enden af linen.
A finger trap done with a fid is the most common, and strongest method of joining 2 sections of line, or placing an eye in the end of the line.
Typisk er længden på Spectra line inde i "finger trap" 15-20cm .Skær linen med en kold kniv eller saks i en vinkel af 45-60 grader
Select a Fid appropriate to the line size being spliced. The larger the Fid, the easier it will be to screw the line into the back of the Fid. For very small lines you may find it easier to use a slightly larger Fid and fold the line to get enough bulk to hold the material tight into the end of the Fid. Determine how long you want to insert the material into a finger trap, and cut the material to the appropriate length. Typically Spectra line splices are finger trapped 6 - 8 inches or more. Using a sharp knife, cut the line at a 45 to 60 degree angle. Cutting the line at an angle allows for smooth termination of the line inside the splice. Screw the Fid onto the line by rotating it clockwise while holding the line. Keep rotating the Fid until resistance is felt and a gentle tug on the line won't dislodge it from the Fid. (Please Note - If you use a hot knife to cut the line, cut the line quickly to avoid excess melted material, and be certain to screw all the melted material into the Fid. Leaving some of the melted section exposed may cause it to snag, and ruin the line you are trying to finger trap. Failing to cut off the melted end as you complete the splice will also leave a hard, sharp piece inside your splice that tends to cut strands of line, resulting in wear and premature failure of the line).
Længden af loop er 2-3cm.Lange loops are en smule stærkere end korte
The length of the loop should be 1/2" to 1" in length. Longer loops are slightly stronger than shorter ones.
Styrken på loopet afhænger af længden på den indvendige line, da tow line virker som "Kinesiske figer fælder".Sy loopet med enten bar tack, zig zag, eller alm lige sting tæt på indgangshullet. Syningen må IKKE være lige så lang som hele "finger trap", da den så ikke længere kan selvstramme.
The strength of the loop is determined by the amount of line trapped inside the other one, since the tighter you pull on the line, the harder it grips. It is possible for the line to slide out if the tension is removed from the line so it is good practise to sew the loop using either a bar tack, zig zag, or even a straight stitch close to the entry point. The stitch must not be the length of the finger trap, however, because the stitching would then prevent the line from pulling tight.
For at splice 2 liner sammen, puttes line med Fid ind ca 40-50cm fra enden af den ene line. Den sidste line indføres 1-2cm fra det første indgangshul.En splicing SKAL være meget glat i overgangen, og sys.Som nødløsning kan den splejsede line håndsys
To splice 2 lines together, insert the Fid into one end of the line at a distance sufficient to ensure a strong splice. Insert the Fid onto the remaining short section and open the weave at a point close to where the first intersection occurred. Feed the Fid through the line and exit as shown for a looped line. Snug the center point of the splice up tight, and gently smooth the lines out towards the ends.A properly completed splice will be very smooth at the transition, and this is the ONLY acceptable method of joining a towline, regardless of the style winch the line will be used on.For safety, the line should be stitched on both sides of the joint to ensure it won't come loose.If you break the line in the middle of a towing session you should at least hand stitch a short section to ensure the splice doesn't work loose. If this is not possible, you should finger trap the line for a length of at least 24 inches on either side (leaving a 48 inch fatter spliced section)and sew the line as soon as possible.
Brudstyrken skal være på mindst 500kg."Prestretched"-"UHMW PE/Spectra 1000 fibers" optræksline eller "Dynema fibers line" er det bedste til optræk.Nylon eller polypropylene kan ikke bruges da de er flexible
The line must have a minimum breaking strength of 1100 pounds, and it must have low stretch.Pre stretched "UHMW PE/Spectra 1000 fibers" Towline and Dynema fibers are the best for tow. Some of the lines used in the past for towing (primarily because they were cheap) are made of nylon or polypropylene. These are very poor choices for towing paragliders primarily because they stretch, and then recoil; which causes surging on tow and makes towing very uncomfortable to the pilot. Spectra (or Dynema) is the trade name for a highly oriented polyethylene fiber. It has much better life and resistance to wear than Kevlar and can be coated to minimize the degradation caused by UV exposure.